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Rescheduled: Final Exam Seminar Monday, Nov. 22, 2021, 9:30 AM at ARMS 1028
by Morgan, Yuan-Yu Karen 21 Nov '21

21 Nov '21

Dear All, This seminar has been rescheduled to November 22, Next Monday, at 9:30 am at ARMS 1028 ________________________________ From: Morgan, Yuan-Yu Karen Sent: Wednesday, November 10, 2021 1:19 PM To: msegradstudent-list(a)ecn.purdue.edu <msegradstudent-list(a)ecn.purdue.edu>; msefaculty-list(a)ecn.purdue.edu <msefaculty-list(a)ecn.purdue.edu>; msepostdoc-list(a)ecn.purdue.edu <msepostdoc-list(a)ecn.purdue.edu> Cc: Ku Blanco, Aury Y <akublanc(a)purdue.edu> Subject: Final Exam Seminar Friday, December 3, 2021, 3:30 PM at ARMS 1103 Please consider attending this seminar: MATERIALS ENGINEERING SEMINAR "EXPLORING THE TUNABILITY OF MARTENSITIC TRANSFORMATION IN SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS VIA COHERENT SECOND PHASE" By Shivam Tripathi Purdue MSE Ph.D. Final Exam Advisors: Professor Alejandro Strachan and Professor Michael Titus ABSTRACT Shape memory alloys (SMAs) belong to an important class of active materials. Beyond shape memory, these alloys exhibit super-elasticity and pseudo-plasticity, all originating from a reversible phase transformation from a high-temperature austenitic phase to a low temperature martensitic phase. Their unique thermo-mechanical properties make these SMAS desirable for a wide range of applications in automobiles, robotics, aerospace, construction, and medicine. Only a fraction of the known metallic alloys exhibits martensitic transformations, and a relatively small subset exhibits shape memory. Given this limited pool of SMAs, tunability of this martensitic transformation and, hence, thermo-mechanical properties is a way to move forward for effectively designing the next-generation SMAs for specific applications. The modification in composition has always been at the heart of designing new SMAs for future applications. However, a relatively recent discovery of incorporating a second non-transforming phase in base martensitic materials to tune martensitic transformation to achieve unprecedented thermo-mechanical properties has shown great promise. The objective of this work is to utilize the second phase to provide design guidelines for next-generation SMAs and to understand the detailed physics behind the experimentally observed unprecedented thermo-mechanical properties in SMAs as a result of the incorporation of coherent second phases. We first investigate Mg-Sc shape memory alloys that are attractive for a wide range of applications due to their low density. Unfortunately, the use of these alloys is hindered by a low martensitic transformation temperature (173 K). We observe from first-principles calculations that epitaxial strains arising from appropriate substrate or coherent second phase selection increase the martensitic transformation and operational temperature to room temperature. Next, we develop a novel approach to induce martensitic transformation in composite systems of two non-transforming materials. While we demonstrate this approach for the technologically relevant ultra-lightweight Mg/MgLi superlattices, however, our approach is general and will open a wide material space for the discovery and design of next-generation SMAs. Finally, to bridge the gap between computationally studied single-crystalline materials and experimentally studied polycrystalline systems, we characterize the role of nanoscale precipitates on temperature- and stress-induced martensitic phase transformation in nanocrystalline Ni63Al37 SMAs using multi-million-atoms molecular dynamics simulations. Simulations provide the understanding of underlying atomistic mechanisms of experimentally observed unprecedented thermo-mechanical properties and the guidelines to design low-fatigue ultra-fine grain shape memory alloys. As a result of the exploration of novel thermomechanical properties in SMAs via coherent second phases, we also published a software package to discover coherent precipitates within a base multi-component system by coupling high-throughput equilibrium thermodynamics calculations with strain-based lattice matching. Date: Monday, November 22, 2021 Time: 9:30 A.M. Place: ARMS 1028 Yuan-Yu Karen Morgan,Ph.D. Academic Advisor-Graduate Program School of Materials Engineering Neil Armstrong Hall of Engineering, Room 2217 765-494-4103 ymorgan(a)purdue.edu<mailto:ymorgan@purdue.edu>

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REMINDER: Final Exam Seminar, Monday, Nov. 22, at 1:30 pm at HAMP 1266
by Morgan, Yuan-Yu Karen 19 Nov '21

19 Nov '21

From: Msegradstudent-list <msegradstudent-list-bounces(a)ecn.purdue.edu> On Behalf Of Morgan, Yuan-Yu Karen Sent: Monday, November 8, 2021 4:54 PM To: msegradstudent-list(a)ecn.purdue.edu; msefaculty-list(a)ecn.purdue.edu; msepostdoc-list(a)ecn.purdue.edu Cc: Ku Blanco, Aury Y <akublanc(a)purdue.edu> Subject: [msegradstudent-list] Final Exam Seminar, Monday, Nov. 22, at 1:30 pm at HAMP 1266 Please consider attending this seminar: MATERIALS ENGINEERING SEMINAR "Design and Processing of NiCo-based Superalloys for the Study of Solute Segregation at Planar Defects During High Temperature Deformation" By Sae Matsunaga Purdue MSE Ph.D. Final Exam Advisors: Professor Michael Titus ABSTRACT Ni-based superalloys have been widely used for high temperature applications such as turbine blades for jet propulsion and power plants due to their excellent creep, fatigue, and corrosion resistance. But as the demand for higher temperature capability and strength increases, there remains a need to better understand high temperature deformation mechanisms and improve and strengthen superalloys at these elevated temperatures. Recently, a correlation has been observed between solute segregation at planar defects (stacking faults, antiphase boundaries, etc) and enhanced high temperature creep properties - known colloquially as phase transformation strengthening. Experimentally, regardless of alloy composition, strong Co segregation at planar defects along with Cr has been observed. In addition, it has been suggested by density functional theory work that Co would promote Cr concentration at stacking faults by forming strong Cr-Co bonds. Based on these findings, it was hypothesized the presence of Co provides a significant thermodynamic driving force for segregation to planar defects. In order to further investigate the correlation between solute segregation and deformation mechanisms the fabrication of a planar front single crystal Ni-based superalloy and its microstructure, alloy composition, and microhardness properties of the as-zone melted and solution heat treated states were investigated and compared to the directionally-solidified state to study the effect of microsegregation on these alloy characteristics. Next, new Co-containing, Cr-free alloys are designed to optimize gamma-gamma' volume fraction, size, and morphology to mimick microstructures observed in single crystal superalloys. The general alloy design strategy and approach are outlined, and the composition, microstructure, phase transformation temperatures, and mechanical properties of new Cr-free and Co-containing alloys are reported. A new set of Cr-free alloys have thus been designed, with modifications of Nb, Ta, and Ti additions ranging from 3 to 7 at.% to investigate the role of these elements on the phase transformation strengthening mechanism at elevated temperatures. Date: Monday, November 22, 2021 Time: 1:30 P.M. Place: HAMP 1266 or Join from the meeting link https://purdue.webex.com/purdue/j.php?MTID=mf23fce9475ea4d01fefa71ab1edf8013 PURDUE MSE [cid:image004.png@01D7DD69.40879190]

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Preliminary Exam Seminar Friday, Dec 3, 9:30 AM
by Morgan, Yuan-Yu Karen 19 Nov '21

19 Nov '21

Please consider attending this seminar: MATERIALS ENGINEERING SEMINAR "Modeling of the Growth of Self-assembled Thin Film with Pillar-in-matrix Configuration" By Ahmad Ahmad Purdue MSE Preliminary Exam Advisor: Professor Anter El-Azab ABSTRACT The interesting physical and chemical properties of self-assembled oxide-metal thin films with pillar-in-matrix configurations, known as vertically aligned nanocomposite (VAN), have received a great deal of attention lately. The growth and morphology evolution processes of such films are so complicated that our current understanding of them is still limited. Current research has suggested that, on a thermodynamic basis, the ordering and evolution of the embedded phase configuration in the matrix can be described by in terms of the lattice-mismatch elastic strain and the interfacial energy. From a self-assembly point of view, however, adatom diffusion on the surface, binding energies, and elastic strain influence the clustering, nucleation, and growth of phases. The Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) method and the phase field framework capture these events at the atomic and mesoscopic (continuum) sales, respectively. From an experimental point of view, the growth of VAN systems can be affected by the physical and chemical parameters in the pulsed laser deposition technique. There are several reports in the literature describing how such parameters may be incorporated as boundary conditions into the KMC and phase field frameworks to predict the morphological evolution of VAN the systems. In this talk, I will review the use of KMC and phase field methods and how they can be utilized in simulating the growth of multiphase self-assembled nanostructure films. Date: Friday, Dec 3, 2021 Time: 9:30 AM WebEx: https://purdue.webex.com/meet/aelazab | 641105180 Yuan-Yu Karen Morgan,Ph.D. Academic Advisor-Graduate Program School of Materials Engineering Neil Armstrong Hall of Engineering, Room 2217 765-494-4103 ymorgan(a)purdue.edu<mailto:ymorgan@purdue.edu>

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Final Defense Seminar, Friday, December 3, at 10 AM by Webex
by Morgan, Yuan-Yu Karen 19 Nov '21

19 Nov '21

Please consider attending this seminar: MATERIALS ENGINEERING SEMINAR “Preferential Microstructural Pathways of Strain Localization within Nickel and Titanium Alloys” By John Rotella Purdue MSE Final Defense Exam Advisors: Professor Michael Sangid and Professor Rodney Trice ABSTRACT Modern structural materials utilize tailored microstructures to retain peak performance within the most volatile operating conditions. Features such as grain size, grain boundary (GB) character and morphology and secondary phases are just a few of the tunable parameters. By tailoring these types of microstructural features, the deformation behavior of the material is also altered. The localization of plastic strain is directly correlated to material failure. Thus, a systematic approach was utilized to understand the effect of microstructural features on the localization of plastic deformation utilizing digital image correlation (DIC). First, at the macroscopic scale, strain accumulation is known to form parallel to the plane of maximum shear stress. The local deviations in the deformation pathways at the meso-scale are investigated relative to the plane of maximum shear stress. The deviations in the deformation pathways are observed to be a function of the accumulated local plastic strain magnitude and the grain size. Next, strains characterized via DIC were used to calculate a value of incremental slip on the active slip systems and identify cases of slip transmission. The incremental slip was calculated based on a Taylor-Bishop-Hill algorithm, which determined a qualitative assessment of deformation on a given slip system, by satisfying compatibility and identifying the stress state by the principle of virtual work. Inter-connected slip bands, between neighboring grains, were shown to accumulate more incremental slip (and associated strain) compared with slip bands confined to a single grain, where slip transmission did not occur. These results rationalize the role of grain clusters leading to intense strain accumulation and thus serving as potential sites for fatigue crack initiation. Lastly, at GB interfaces, the effect of GB morphology (planar or serrated) on the cavitation behavior was studied during elevated temperature dwell-fatigue at 700 °C. The resulting γ′ precipitate structures were characterized near GBs and within grains. Along serrated GBs coarsened and elongated γ′ precipitates formed and consequently created adjacent regions that were denuded of γ′ precipitates. Cyclic dwell-fatigue experiments were performed at low and high stress amplitudes to vary the amount of imparted strain on the specimens. Additionally, the regions denuded of the γ′ precipitates were observed to localize strain and to be initial sites of cavitation. These results present a quantitative strain analysis between two GB morphologies, which provides the micromechanical rationale to assess the increased proclivity for serrated GBs to form cavities. PURDUE MSE [cid:image002.png@01D7DD39.878D2E90] Date: Friday, December 3, 2021 Time: 10:00 AM WebEx: https://purdue.webex.com/join/msangid

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REMINDER: Final Exam Seminar Monday, November 22, 2021, 9 AM, HAMP 2118
by Morgan, Yuan-Yu Karen 19 Nov '21

19 Nov '21

From: Msegradstudent-list <msegradstudent-list-bounces(a)ecn.purdue.edu> On Behalf Of Morgan, Yuan-Yu Karen Sent: Friday, October 29, 2021 9:41 AM To: msegradstudent-list(a)ecn.purdue.edu; msefaculty-list(a)ecn.purdue.edu; msepostdoc-list(a)ecn.purdue.edu Cc: Ku Blanco, Aury Y <akublanc(a)purdue.edu> Subject: [msegradstudent-list] Final Exam Seminar Please consider attending this seminar: MATERIALS ENGINEERING SEMINAR "Phase Transformations in Multicomponent Systems for Solder Joint Reliability" By Alyssa Yaeger Purdue MSE Ph.D. Final Exam Advisors: Professor Carol Handwerker and Professor John Blendell ABSTRACT Solder joints serve as the physical and electrical connection between surface mounted components and circuit boards, and are expected to maintain that connection under stress. Shear stresses due to coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between component and circuit board are common during use, and can lead to fracture of the solder joint. The cracks begin near the solder-substrate interface and propagate through the joint, either through the bulk of the solder or along the interfaces of brittle phases. Therefore, the morphology of the interfacial intermetallic compounds (IMCs) can influence the crack path and whether the failure is ductile or brittle, and thus will determine the lifetime and reliability of the solder joint. Gold embrittlement has been a soldering issue for decades, although it is a broad category which indicates brittle failure due to the presence of gold, typically forming AuSn4. Mitigation of this has included the reduction of Au in the solder joint and the introduction of Cu to destabilize AuSn4-type intermetallics with the formation of (Cu,Ni,Au)6Sn5. A limit of 3wt% Au per solder joint attempted to mitigate this issue, but the methods of gold removal are not precise, and 3% is not a hard limit below which gold embrittlement does not occur. Nickel is able to substitute for Au in AuSn4, forming (Au,Ni)Sn4 in higher volumes at lower gold concentrations, making the establishment of a limit for Au in the joint more difficult. Two methods of establishing these limits are presented in this thesis: isothermal annealing, and thermal cycling. Microstructures evolve over time, even during periods of storage prior to use. Isothermal annealing above storage temperature and below the solidus promotes faster diffusion than seen in practice, due to the temperature dependence of solid state diffusion. This is also known as accelerated aging, as the time and temperature during annealing can be correlated to a different time and temperature during storage. Isothermal annealing allows potential issues, such as gold embrittlement, to be identified more quickly and prior to production, and can give an estimate of product lifetime. For Au-containing solder, Au from the bulk diffuses to the Ni interface to form (Au,Ni)Sn4 during annealing, which causes brittle failure when it forms a thick, continuous layer. Thermal cycling is another method of accelerated testing which can determine the limits of gold embrittlement. Solder joints undergo thermal cycling during product use, and this method increases the cycle frequency to induce earlier failure. This failure is determined by an increase in electrical resistance across solder joints. Failed solder joints can then be cross sectioned to examine the microstructure and crack path to determine cause of failure. Leadless ceramic chip carriers are stiff components with a low standoff height which tends to concentrate thermal expansion mismatch induced stresses in the solder and have thick Au coating, which together make them a good candidate for studies of gold embrittlement. In this thesis, it was determined that these solder joints failed in a ductile manner, determined more by the component characteristics and not as a result of gold embrittlement. A potential mitigation method for gold embrittlement in eutectic Sn-Pb solder joints is also presented in this thesis. Because one cause of gold embrittlement includes the thick, continuous layer of (Au,Ni)Sn4,it has been proposed that breakup of this layer can increase ductility and solder joint lifetime. This can be accomplished with a secondary reflow, or melting, of the solder, using the high solubility of Au in molten solder to destabilize the (Au,Ni)Sn4 and return the solder joint to a more ductile microstructure. The thermodynamics of and mechanisms leading to the destabilization of (Au,Ni)Sn4 are quantified as a function of Au concentration in the solder. The relationship between the solder compositions and microstructure, including interfacial intermetallics, and the fracture behavior of the resulting joints provides insight into the appropriate limits of Au in Sn-Pb solder joints to reduce Au embrittlement. . Date: Monday, November 22, 2021 Time: 9:00 A.M. Place: HAMP 2118

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REMINDER: Preliminary Exam Seminar, Monday, Nov 22 at 9 AM by Webex
by Morgan, Yuan-Yu Karen 19 Nov '21

19 Nov '21

From: Msegradstudent-list <msegradstudent-list-bounces(a)ecn.purdue.edu> On Behalf Of Morgan, Yuan-Yu Karen Sent: Monday, November 8, 2021 9:41 AM To: msegradstudent-list(a)ecn.purdue.edu; msefaculty-list(a)ecn.purdue.edu; msepostdoc-list(a)ecn.purdue.edu Cc: Ku Blanco, Aury Y <akublanc(a)purdue.edu> Subject: [msegradstudent-list] Preliminary Exam Seminar, Monday, Nov 22 at 9 AM by Webex Please consider attending this seminar: MATERIALS ENGINEERING SEMINAR "Role of Surface Energy on the Growth of Vertically Aligned Nanocomposite Thin Films" By Jiawei Song Purdue MSE Preliminary Exam Advisor: Professor Haiyan Wang ABSTRACT Vertically aligned nanocomposite (VAN) thin films are widely explored due to their ability to couple different functionalities and induce three-dimensional strain. Several material systems have been studied include oxide-oxide, oxide-metal, and nitride-metal systems. Thermodynamic analysis of the nucleation and growth process is needed to understand the growth mechanism of self-assembled VAN structure. Thin film growth is affected by multiple factors, such as surface energy, lattice strain, crystal structure, and composition ratio. This review discusses how surface energy affects the growth of VAN thin films and proposes a design guideline for exploring new material systems. Date: Nov 22, 2021 Time: 9:00 AM WebEx: https://purdue.webex.com/purdue/j.php?MTID=m212b44464e40df23ee6c87a4c9fe62eb

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Preliminary Exam Seminar December 3, Friday, 8:30 AM by Webex
by Morgan, Yuan-Yu Karen 19 Nov '21

19 Nov '21

Please consider attending this seminar: MATERIALS ENGINEERING SEMINAR "Magnetic Field-assisted Anisotropic Polymer-based Piezoresistive Composite with Tunable Electrical and Mechanical Properties" By Nagarpita Moka Vidyanag Purdue MSE Preliminary Exam Advisor: Professor Mukerrem Cakmak ABSTRACT Polymer composites that exhibit piezoresistive behavior have been actively sought in the emerging field of flexible electronics as a replacement for traditional metallic or semiconductor-based devices. A particularly attractive area of application for these flexible piezoresistors is their use as pressure sensors due to their ability to endure large mechanical strains (stretchability) while retaining their electrical conductivity. Magnetic field manipulation of metallic particles with high magnetic susceptibilities (Fe, Co, Ni) is an effective technique to fabricate anisotropic composites by forming pearl-chain columns that drastically reduce the concentration of fillers required to produce enhanced piezoresistive performance. The alignment of particles in the through-thickness direction creates induced percolation thereby resulting in a lightweight, optically transparent, and conformable composite. This review aims to provide an insight into the research advances in the development of flexible piezoresistive composites via a mechanistic understanding of the structural evolution of column structures during the alignment process. Various strategies employed to improve column morphology by tuning processing conditions are explored with the foresight of implementing it on roll-to-roll manufacturing technology. Finally, the influence of the mechanical modulus of the viscoelastic polymer matrix on the final composite property is also addressed to highlight the importance of careful design procedures that need to be adopted to maximize the sensitivity and stability of these pressure sensing elements. Date: December 3, 2021 Time: 8:30 AM Place: Webex---https://purdue.webex.com/meet/cakmak Yuan-Yu Karen Morgan,Ph.D. Academic Advisor-Graduate Program School of Materials Engineering Neil Armstrong Hall of Engineering, Room 2217 765-494-4103 ymorgan(a)purdue.edu<mailto:ymorgan@purdue.edu>

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Preliminary Exam Seminar Thursday, November 2, 9 AM
by Morgan, Yuan-Yu Karen 18 Nov '21

18 Nov '21

Please consider attending this seminar: MATERIALS ENGINEERING SEMINAR "Mechanisms and Approaches to Improve Oxidation Resistance of Transition Metal Nitrides" By Yizhi Zhang Purdue MSE Preliminary Exam Advisor: Professor Haiyan Wang ABSTRACT Transition metal nitrides (TMN) have attracted interest from scientists for many years due to their unique optical, electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. TiN and ZrN have already been used as commercial hardness coating for cutting tools. However, most transition metal nitrides coating will be oxidized and lose their coating function at high temperatures. (e.g. TiN coating is oxidized at as low as 600ºC) This phenomenon not only increased the difficulty to produce high-quality TMN coating but also limited the further applications of transition metal nitrides. To explore further applications, it is necessary to find a suitable way to improve the oxidation resistance of transition metal nitrides. In this review, the oxidation mechanism and previous approaches to improve the oxidation resistance will be discussed, as well as the existence challenge and promising future work. Date: December 2, 2021 Time: 9:00 AM WebEx: https://purdue.webex.com/purdue/j.php?MTID=m9be27b91e7e1fdc0f58f371a75fc9ffb Yuan-Yu Karen Morgan,Ph.D. Academic Advisor-Graduate Program School of Materials Engineering Neil Armstrong Hall of Engineering, Room 2217 765-494-4103 ymorgan(a)purdue.edu<mailto:ymorgan@purdue.edu>

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Final Defense Seminar, Thursday, December 2, at 2 PM
by Morgan, Yuan-Yu Karen 18 Nov '21

18 Nov '21

Please consider attending: MATERIALS ENGINEERING SEMINAR "Improving the Mechanical Properties of Cold Spray Metalized Polymers" By Jung-Ting Tsai Purdue MSE Ph.D. Final Exam Advisors: Professor David Bahr ABSTRACT Cold sprayed metallic coatings on polymers provide the benefits of a non-traditional manufacturing solution. However, the process steps for formulating the coating layer often require trial and error to secure an optimal coating. Many common testing methods for interface adhesion and the coating's mechanical performances only give semi-quantitative measurements. As a result, it's challenging to build the connection between the process-structural relationships of the coated materials. This work established a process simulation framework and created an experimental material characterization method to quantify the mechanical strength of cold spray coatings onto polymer substrates. Particle velocity, mass flow rate, and powder flowability were measured from a low-pressure cold spray system. Increases in mass flow rate are a consequence of good powder flowability. The developed tools and the measurement devices allow quantifying the powder flowability to deposition efficacy in cold spray coatings. Knowing the experimental parameters, we utilized a three-network polymer model based on high strain-rate impact tests to simulate the nonlinear time-dependent response of polymer deformation during the cold spray impact with both rigid and deformable particles. The particle's material properties, velocity, and size were systematically studied to obtain various responses from the finite element analysis of the polymer deformation. The numerical results were mapped into diagrams and validated with the experimental results of cold spraying Cu and Al2O3 powders. The cold spray process controls the adhesion strength between the coating and the substrate but does create a relatively wide distribution of film thickness and properties. Therefore, a mechanical test fixture was built to track electrical conductivity and coating fragmentation during tensile testing of metalized polymers. A modified Weibull model used the crack density, fragment length, and the measured specimens strength/strain to calculate the coated strength distribution at a fixed crack density and the mean strength as a function of fragment length. The specimens coated between 74 μm - 120 μm show an interfacial shear strength between 25 - 53 MPa, while 23 μm - 37 μm show adhesion energy between 2.3-7.9 J/m2. Cold sprayed dual-layer (Sn/Cu), and electroless plated specimens were built successfully using the information from the process simulation model. Cold spray coating increases the engineering performance of the coated substrate. The studies have demonstrated selecting appropriate process parameters for multiple metal/polymer combinations to achieve a successful coating. Date: Thursday, December 2, 2021 Time: 2:00 P.M. Webex: https://purdue.webex.com/join/dfbahr Yuan-Yu Karen Morgan,Ph.D. Academic Advisor-Graduate Program School of Materials Engineering Neil Armstrong Hall of Engineering, Room 2217 765-494-4103 ymorgan(a)purdue.edu<mailto:ymorgan@purdue.edu>

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Preliminary Exam Seminar, Thursday, December 2, 9 AM by Webex
by Morgan, Yuan-Yu Karen 18 Nov '21

18 Nov '21

Please consider attending this seminar: MATERIALS ENGINEERING SEMINAR "Mechanisms and Approaches to Improve Oxidation Resistance of Transition Metal Nitrides" By Yizhi Zhang Purdue MSE Preliminary Exam Advisor: Professor Haiyan Wang ABSTRACT Transition metal nitrides (TMN) have attracted interest from scientists for many years due to their unique optical, electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. TiN and ZrN have already been used as commercial hardness coating for cutting tools. However, most transition metal nitrides coating will be oxidized and lose their coating function at high temperatures. (e.g. TiN coating is oxidized at as low as 600ºC) This phenomenon not only increased the difficulty to produce high-quality TMN coating but also limited the further applications of transition metal nitrides. To explore further applications, it is necessary to find a suitable way to improve the oxidation resistance of transition metal nitrides. In this review, the oxidation mechanism and previous approaches to improve the oxidation resistance will be discussed, as well as the existence challenge and promising future work. Date: December 2, 2021 Time: 9:00 AM WebEx: https://purdue.webex.com/purdue/j.php?MTID=m9be27b91e7e1fdc0f58f371a75fc9ffb Yuan-Yu Karen Morgan,Ph.D. Academic Advisor-Graduate Program School of Materials Engineering Neil Armstrong Hall of Engineering, Room 2217 765-494-4103 ymorgan(a)purdue.edu<mailto:ymorgan@purdue.edu>

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