Seminar Announcement 12/4 - Dr. Reklaitis
Purdue University School of Chemical Engineering GRADUATE SEMINAR SERIES Dr. G.V. Rex Reklaitis Burton and Kathryn Gedge Distinguished Professor of Chemical Engineering "Progress and Prospects for the ERC on Structured Organic Particulate Systems" December 4, 2012 9:00-10:15 a.m. FRNY G140 Reception at 8:30 a.m. in Henson Atrium Abstract: Launched in July 2006 with support from the NSF, over 30 industrial partners, and the four hosting universities, the Center aspires to be the national focal point for science-based development of structured organic particle-based products and their manufacturing processes. Such products, which are comprised of multi-component organic systems whose performance depends on microstructure, are widely used to deliver active substances at pre-determined rate and in specific environments. This family of products is manufactured using similar processes across a number of industries, including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, agricultural agents, detergents and foods. The engineering of such products encounters common technical limitations: * Solid state physics that is poorly understood * "Soft" materials that are delicate - High shear/high temperature conditions must be avoided * Constitutive behavior has a hierarchy of scales and substantial complexity The manufacturing of these products has been largely carried out in batch mode, with limited on-line sensing and automation, and limited availability of reliable engineering predictive models to support process design, scale-up and operation. In this presentation we will outline the technical objectives and organization of the research plan under which the Center has been operating. Highlights will be given of representative research projects in areas such as understanding of material properties, predictive modeling of key unit operations, knowledge management, on-line sensing (PAT) and real time process management. Progress on the realization of the three test beds specifically targeted for production of solid oral dosage pharmaceuticals and the steps taken towards the commercialization of one of these, a continuous automated tableting line, will be reviewed.
Purdue University School of Chemical Engineering GRADUATE SEMINAR SERIES Prof. Yue Wu School of Chemical Engineering "Advanced Nanostructures for Thermoelectric Applications" January 15, 2013 9:00-10:15 a.m. FRNY G140 Reception at 8:30 a.m. in Henson Atrium Abstract: According to a Lawrence Livermore National Lab survey in August 2010, nearly 57.8% of the total generated energy in US in 2009 was rejected into the environment, the majority being from power plants, transportation and manufacturing industries. Most of this waste heat is considered low-grade (40°C - 200°C), a level which is generally considered economically infeasible to recover at a high efficiency; consequently, it is typically dumped into the environment, mainly the aquatic ecosystem (especially for power plants and manufacture industries), through various cooling processes. Heat pollution can have a great negative influence on the surrounding aquatic ecosystems and these system inefficiencies also lead to higher energy costs overall. The rapid development of thermoelectric materials in the past decade has brought a new hope to the possibility of directly converting waste heat back to electricity based on the Seebeck effect. The performance of thermoelectric materials can be rated through a dimensionless quantity called figure of merit or ZT (ZT= σS2T/κ), where σ, κ, and S stand for electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient, respectively. T is the average temperature between the hot and the cold sides. Recent efforts on the development of nanostructured thermoelectric materials from nanowires and nanocrystals show comparable or superior performance to bulk crystals with the same chemical compositions because of the dramatically reduced thermal conductivity due to phonon scattering at nanoscale surfaces and interfaces. However, critical gaps still remain that prevent scalable, practical manufacture and wide deployment of thermoelectric devices. First, most conventional thermoelectric materials, including both bulk crystals and nanostructured materials, are based on tellurides, antimonides, germanium, and rare earth element doped compounds. The bulk crystals or the composite disks fabricated by compressing/ sintering nanomaterials are micro-machined into millimeter-thick pillar structures; such processes impose a high demand on these expensive, scarce, and sometimes toxic materials. Further, during manufacture, much material is wasted, causing adverse environmental impact and high recycling costs. Second, the majority of nanostructure-based thermoelectric research is limited to lab-scale device fabrication and measurements performed on a single nanowire or a thin film of nanocrystals or heterostructures with maximum dimensions of hundreds micro-meters; this is mainly due to the lack of scalable and reproducible synthesis. In most cases, only milligrams of these nanomaterials can be obtained and there are large variations between different batches of samples. In the past three years, we have developed a transformative approach to address these challenges: (1) we have pioneered low cost and scalable solution-phase growth methods to mass produce thermoelectric nanowires and nanowire heterostructures to match the physical and economic magnitudes of energy use and economical sustainment in the manufacture/recycling; (2) we have enforced the compatibility and integratability of our material synthesis and process with existing manufacture infrastructure. Specifically, solution-phase production of nanomaterials with uniform morphology, size, and properties at industrial scale (at least kilogram level in relatively short period of time) using industrial standard reactors has been achieved so that the bulk thermoelectric properties can be measured on the bulk nanocomposite disks fabricated by spark plasma sintering or hot pressing the nanopowders. Notably, ball milling technique has been used to make bulk nanocomposite thermoelectric devices from the nanopowders with enhanced ZT, however, it is typically considered as an energy intensive process and lacks of good control in many key parameters. As a long-term goal, we have also explored the non-toxic and abundant complex metal oxide and sulfide based new thermoelectric materials for various temperature ranges. Traditional tellurides, antimonides, germanium, and rare earth doped compounds based thermoelectric materials exhibit a few obvious drawbacks, including the material instability (oxidation or decomposition) at high temperature, environmental concern of toxic heavy metals, and high recycling cost. Bio: Prof. Yue Wu graduated with best thesis award from Prof. Yitai Qian's group at University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China, with a bachelor's degree in Chemistry in June, 2001. Then, he went to Harvard University and studied for his doctoral degree under the supervision of Prof. Charles M. Lieber. His Ph.D. research achievement on nanowire-based nanoelectronic devices has been featured by many public press releases, including Chemical and Engineering News, MRS Bulletin, Nature magazine, Materials Today magazine, Technology Review, and several awards, for example, Materials Research Society (MRS) Graduate Student Gold Award and Excellent Overseas Chinese Graduate Student Award from the Scholarship Council of the Ministry of Education in China. Prof. Wu received his doctoral degree in June, 2006 and was awarded the prestigious Miller Fellowship from University of California at Berkeley. At Berkeley, he worked with Prof. A. Paul Alivisatos for three years on nanostructure-based photovoltaic solar cells. In August 2009, Prof. Yue Wu joined the School of Chemical Engineering at Purdue University. His research is focusing on the improvement of energy efficiency through waste heat recovery into electricity using advanced nanostructured thermoelectric materials. In the past three years, Prof. Yue Wu's research has addressed many critical gaps in the field of thermoelectric and has led to many publications on high-profile journals, including five papers on Nano Letters (impact factor 13.198), two invited review articles, and one feature articles. His personal H-index is 20 with a total citation over 3800 times. Among his most highly cited publications, there are two on Nature (with citations of 630 and 527 times each) and two on Nano Letters (with citations of 495 and 472 times each). His innovative research has received many public media exposures, including Chemical & Engineering News, National Public Radio, etc. His research has also generated six pending patent applications filed by Purdue Research Foundation with two of them being pending for license and significant industrial collaborations with the world-leading companies like Intel, DuPont, Kaiteki Institute (by Mitsubishi Chemical), Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI), DOW Chemical, and AZDEL. As a young faculty member, he is also the recipient of Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship for three consecutive years (2010, 2011, and 2012), DuPont Young Professor Award, and he is one of the only two Purdue Nominees for the Packard Foundation Fellowship in 2010. His contribution to technology development has also been recognized by Nanotechnology Venture Competition Award (both individual award and team award as team leader) sponsored by the State of Indiana, Purdue University, and University of Notre Dame. His research has also received a lot of global attention/recognition and he has been invited as one of the only two invited speakers from United States (totally only ten worldwide) for Japan Nano 2013 sponsored by Japan National Institute of Materials Sciences and Japan Ministry of Education.
Purdue University School of Chemical Engineering Graduate seminar series Prof. Bradley Olsen Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Engineering "Nanomaterials From the Self-Assembly of Globular Proteins" January 29, 2013 9:00-10:15 a.m. FRNY G140 Reception at 8:30 a.m. in Henson Atrium Abstract: Protein-based materials show a great deal of potential as catalysts, sensors, and optoelectronics, where the unique efficiency, selectivity, or activity of enzymes can be captured to improve the performance of these devices. However, careful control over the structure and orientation of the protein in three dimensions is required to improve transport through the devices, increase the density of active sites, and optimize the stability of the protein. We demonstrate self-assembly of globular protein-polymer conjugates into nanostructured phases as an elegant and simple method for structural control in bioelectronics. These conjugates may be conceptualized as diblock copolymers, where the first block is the globular protein and the second block is the synthetic polymer. In order to fundamentally investigate self-assembly in these complex block copolymer systems, a mutant of the red fluorescent protein mCherry was expressed in E. coli and site-specifically conjugated to a low polydispersity poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) block using thiol-maleimide coupling to form a well-defined model globular protein-polymer diblock copolymer. Functional protein materials are obtained by solvent evaporation in order to access different pathways toward self-assembly using polymer-selective, non-selective, and protein-selective solvents. Similarly, solvent annealing using these different conditions is exploited as a means to both improve ordering and explore the thermodynamic stability of the as-cast nanostructures. Small angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy are used to explore the dependence of nanostructure formation on processing conditions and the molecular weight of the PNIPAM block. Wide angle X-ray scattering demonstrates that diblock copolymer self-assembly results in a noncrystalline structure within the protein nanodomains. Circular dichroism, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy show that a large fraction of the protein remains in its folded and active state after conjugation. The effect of coil fraction and hydrogen bonding additives on maintaining protein activity within nanostructured phases is also explored, demonstrating methods for fabricating structures with both a high protein density and a high fraction of active protein. The effect of plasticizing additives on thermal and chemical stability was also explored, illustrating the ability of these materials to dramatically enhance the stability of proteins in polymeric materials. Phase diagrams for these materials have been prepared as a function of coil fraction and water content in the materials, providing insight into the type of self-assembled nanostructures that may be formed. Small-angle light scattering allows quantitative measurement of solvent-mediated interactions between the different components of the diblock copolymers, enabling a fundamental understanding of the relationship between molecular interactions and self-assembly. In addition, comparison of mCherry-b-PNIPAM diblocks with diblocks that incorporate green fluorescent protein (GFP-b-PNIPAM) and block copolymers containing polyester-based synthetic polymers enables the effects of protein shape and protein-protein interactions in these systems to be understood. Together, these results begin to lay a foundation for understanding the general principles of self-assembly in block copolymers containing globular proteins. Bio: Bradley Olsen is the Raymond A. and Helen E. St. Laurent Career Development Assistant Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering at MIT. He earned his S.B. in Chemical Engineering at MIT, his Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering at the University of California - Berkeley, and was a postdoctoral scholar at the California Institute of Technology. He started as an assistant professor at MIT in December 2009. Olsen's research expertise is in materials chemistry and polymer physics, with a particular emphasis on molecular self-assembly, block copolymers, polymer networks and gels, and protein biomaterials. In addition to his academic appointments, Olsen has worked at Dow Chemical and W.R. Grace Construction products on the development of extruded polymer foams and pressure-sensitive adhesives, respectively. He has been recognized with a Hertz Fellowship, Tau Beta Pi Fellowship, Beckman Postdoctoral Fellowship, NIH Postdoctoral Fellowship, the American Physical Society Division of Polymer Physics/UK Polymer Physics Group Exchange Lectureship for Young Investigators, and the Air Force Young Investigator Award. Olsen's research interests focus on engineering new biofunctional and bioinspired materials and understanding the novel polymer physics required to control the nanoscale structure and properties of these complex systems. To do this, his group applies cutting-edge polymer chemistry and protein engineering to synthesize new materials at the interface of biology and the physical sciences. To intelligently design such systems, they investigate the relationships between molecular structure and self-assembly, applying concepts from block copolymer assembly and polymer gels to understand complex biohybrid materials. Efforts are aimed at enabling the application of highly functional biological components or biological design principles to dramatically extend the capability of soft materials such as solar energy converters, catalysts, and biomedical hydrogels. Through the study of protein-based systems, his lab also hopes to produce a new sustainable source of functional polymers.
Just a friendly reminder of Dr. Olsen's seminar/visit tomorrow. Jenni From: Mamph, Jennifer A Sent: Friday, January 18, 2013 3:32 PM To: chme@ecn.purdue.edu; engfaculty-list@ecn.purdue.edu Cc: Mamph, Jennifer A Subject: Seminar Abstract/Announcement Olsen 1/29/13 Purdue University School of Chemical Engineering Graduate seminar series Prof. Bradley Olsen Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Engineering "Nanomaterials From the Self-Assembly of Globular Proteins" January 29, 2013 9:00-10:15 a.m. FRNY G140 Reception at 8:30 a.m. in Henson Atrium Abstract: Protein-based materials show a great deal of potential as catalysts, sensors, and optoelectronics, where the unique efficiency, selectivity, or activity of enzymes can be captured to improve the performance of these devices. However, careful control over the structure and orientation of the protein in three dimensions is required to improve transport through the devices, increase the density of active sites, and optimize the stability of the protein. We demonstrate self-assembly of globular protein-polymer conjugates into nanostructured phases as an elegant and simple method for structural control in bioelectronics. These conjugates may be conceptualized as diblock copolymers, where the first block is the globular protein and the second block is the synthetic polymer. In order to fundamentally investigate self-assembly in these complex block copolymer systems, a mutant of the red fluorescent protein mCherry was expressed in E. coli and site-specifically conjugated to a low polydispersity poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) block using thiol-maleimide coupling to form a well-defined model globular protein-polymer diblock copolymer. Functional protein materials are obtained by solvent evaporation in order to access different pathways toward self-assembly using polymer-selective, non-selective, and protein-selective solvents. Similarly, solvent annealing using these different conditions is exploited as a means to both improve ordering and explore the thermodynamic stability of the as-cast nanostructures. Small angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy are used to explore the dependence of nanostructure formation on processing conditions and the molecular weight of the PNIPAM block. Wide angle X-ray scattering demonstrates that diblock copolymer self-assembly results in a noncrystalline structure within the protein nanodomains. Circular dichroism, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy show that a large fraction of the protein remains in its folded and active state after conjugation. The effect of coil fraction and hydrogen bonding additives on maintaining protein activity within nanostructured phases is also explored, demonstrating methods for fabricating structures with both a high protein density and a high fraction of active protein. The effect of plasticizing additives on thermal and chemical stability was also explored, illustrating the ability of these materials to dramatically enhance the stability of proteins in polymeric materials. Phase diagrams for these materials have been prepared as a function of coil fraction and water content in the materials, providing insight into the type of self-assembled nanostructures that may be formed. Small-angle light scattering allows quantitative measurement of solvent-mediated interactions between the different components of the diblock copolymers, enabling a fundamental understanding of the relationship between molecular interactions and self-assembly. In addition, comparison of mCherry-b-PNIPAM diblocks with diblocks that incorporate green fluorescent protein (GFP-b-PNIPAM) and block copolymers containing polyester-based synthetic polymers enables the effects of protein shape and protein-protein interactions in these systems to be understood. Together, these results begin to lay a foundation for understanding the general principles of self-assembly in block copolymers containing globular proteins. Bio: Bradley Olsen is the Raymond A. and Helen E. St. Laurent Career Development Assistant Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering at MIT. He earned his S.B. in Chemical Engineering at MIT, his Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering at the University of California - Berkeley, and was a postdoctoral scholar at the California Institute of Technology. He started as an assistant professor at MIT in December 2009. Olsen's research expertise is in materials chemistry and polymer physics, with a particular emphasis on molecular self-assembly, block copolymers, polymer networks and gels, and protein biomaterials. In addition to his academic appointments, Olsen has worked at Dow Chemical and W.R. Grace Construction products on the development of extruded polymer foams and pressure-sensitive adhesives, respectively. He has been recognized with a Hertz Fellowship, Tau Beta Pi Fellowship, Beckman Postdoctoral Fellowship, NIH Postdoctoral Fellowship, the American Physical Society Division of Polymer Physics/UK Polymer Physics Group Exchange Lectureship for Young Investigators, and the Air Force Young Investigator Award. Olsen's research interests focus on engineering new biofunctional and bioinspired materials and understanding the novel polymer physics required to control the nanoscale structure and properties of these complex systems. To do this, his group applies cutting-edge polymer chemistry and protein engineering to synthesize new materials at the interface of biology and the physical sciences. To intelligently design such systems, they investigate the relationships between molecular structure and self-assembly, applying concepts from block copolymer assembly and polymer gels to understand complex biohybrid materials. Efforts are aimed at enabling the application of highly functional biological components or biological design principles to dramatically extend the capability of soft materials such as solar energy converters, catalysts, and biomedical hydrogels. Through the study of protein-based systems, his lab also hopes to produce a new sustainable source of functional polymers.
participants (2)
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Ewing, Virginia G -
Mamph, Jennifer A