[https://gallery.mailchimp.com/b7d6d1ffee56a866e499104cf/images/3e8e050f-67fb...] Volume 13, December 2017 [https://gallery.mailchimp.com/b7d6d1ffee56a866e499104cf/images/10f15e72-d4d6...] 3D at Purdue 3D in Focus 3D in Publications 3D in Meetings 3D at Purdue Advances in Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Harnessing the Biological Activity of Collagen Type II The research in the Liu laboratory focuses on developing biomaterials with embedded cues that promote differentiation of cells to a specific cell fate. A variety of different hydrogels have been developed by the lab consisting of both native and recombinant proteins. Collagen hydrogels are an attractive option for engineering articular cartilage scaffolds since they are biocompatible and can conform to any desired altered shape. Collagen type I continues to be the most utilized type of collagen in engineered tissue scaffolds even though collagen type II is the most abundant type of collagen in cartilage. Furthermore, collagen type II has been shown to promote the secretion of cartilage-specific extracellular matrix by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), but it exhibits poor mechanical properties when forming a hydrogel. We have developed a blended hydrogel that harnesses the biological activity of collagen type II and the superior mechanical properties of collagen type I. Rabbit MSCs were embedded within a 3D hydrogel made up of a 3:1 blend of collagen type I to II (Figure 1). Our in vitro studies show that the addition of collagen type II, in contrast to an all collagen type I gel (1:0 gel), promotes the production of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) that are important nonfibrillar components of cartilage. In collaboration with Dr. Breur in the Purdue School of Veterinary Medicine, defects were created in the femur of New Zealand White rabbits and filled with either a 1:0 or 3:1 hydrogel scaffold embedded with autologous bone marrow derived MSCs. Preliminary results show that the 3:1 hydrogels provide an environment conducive for cell differentiation and integration with the surrounding tissue. We believe that the investigation of a collagen type I and II blend scaffold with embedded MSCs will lay the ground work for an effective tissue engineering solution for articular cartilage repair. [https://gallery.mailchimp.com/b7d6d1ffee56a866e499104cf/images/1b7ea736-966c...] Figure 1. To engineer a replacement for articular cartilage, we encapsulate cells within a 3:1 collagen type I to II blend hydrogel. Confocal microscopy is used to visualize DAPI stained cells (blue) and the collagen network (green). Relevant Publication: Vazquez-Portalatin N, Kilmer CE, Panitch A, Liu JC, Characterization of Collagen Type I and II Blend Hydrogels for Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Biomacromolecules, 2016. 17(10): p. 3145-3152. Funding with support from Indiana CTSI (NIH TL1TR001107 and UL1TR001108), Purdue Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue Ross Fellowship, and the National Institute of Health (NIAMS R21AR065644 and R01AR065398) Julie C. Liu Associate Professor Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering (by courtesy) ________________________________ 3D in Focus In a complex three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment, biochemical signals as well as biophysical factors interact and integrate to regulate cell survival, self-renewal, and differentiation. However, the study of biophysical factors (e.g. cell-matrix interaction) on cells are mostly from 2D culture, which does not fully capture the cellular characteristics observed in vivo, e.g. cell volume and cell geometry. The studies highlighted in this newsletter confirm, by encapsulating cells in 3D hydrogel, that the volume and geometry of cells in the 3D microniches affect actin polymerization, protein localization, gene expression, and lineage selection in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Min Bao, Jing Xie, Aigars Piruska & Wilhelm T.S. Huck. 3D microniches reveal the importance of cell size and shape. Nature Communications 8: 1962 (2017) 3D3C summary of the article: By encapsulating hMSCS in 3D hydrogel of methacrylated hyaluronic acid with the lateral dimensions as 400 μm2 and the height of 23, 12, 9, and 7 μm, respectively (denoted as V1, V2, V3, and V4), Bao et al were able to control the volume and geometry, and maintain the viability of cells in culture for more than 10 days. 1. Cell volume effect: With the decrease in cell volume, the number of cells with formed stress fibers, as defined by actin staining, increased significantly in 3D microniches from V1 to V3, before diminishing at V4. Regarding the volume of the cell nucleus, the largest was found in cells in V1 and V2 (no significant difference), while it decreased significantly with diminishing cell size from V2 to V4. Concerning chromatin condensation, as assessed based on DAPI staining, the average spatial density of nuclei first increased with decreasing niche heights from V1 to V3, then it decreased when the niche height reached V4. By immunofluorescence staining they measured the levels of histone deacetylase 3, the enzyme that regulates cellular histone acetylation level, were lower in cells of V3 compared with larger size V1 and V2. Transcriptional regulator YAP/TAZ is a key element controlling gene expression in response to physical cues. Fluorescence staining showed that YAP/TAZ remained cytosolic in cells in microniches with V1 and V2 volume, but was located in the nuclear region when the cell volume was V3 and V4. hMSCs may undergo adipogenic differentiation, as indicated by staining for neutral lipids, and osteogenic differentiation, as indicated by alkaline phosphatase staining. hMSCs exhibited adipogenic differentiation in 82% and 67% of V1 and V2 cells respectively, and very low levels (less than 26%) of osteogenic differentiation. However, osteogenic differentiation was significantly enhanced (87%) in cells of V3 volume while the percentage of cells with adipogenic differentiation was significantly decreased. 2. Cell geometry effect. Cells were encapsulated in hydrogel with a same volume (V3), but different shapes (triangular prism, cylinder, cuboid (aspect ratio 1:4) and cube (aspect ratio 1:1)) that forced cells to adopt similar shapes. Among these four conditions, more stress fibers were observed in triangular prism cells and cuboid cells that also showed less adipogenic differentiation as compared with cylinder and cubic cells. Comments from 3D3C: Cells in tissues and organs in vivo have different sizes and shapes, such features are important for their biological function in the body. Much of the information about the influence of biophysical factors on cells comes from studies on 2D micropatterned substrates. In 2D cell culture, it is, however, difficult to control the cell volume and geometry due to spreading and adhesion of cells onto the substrate. The article presented here demonstrates the possibility of uncoupling cell size and shape from other biophysical factors. This system might be useful in characterizing cells with unique sizes and shapes, e.g. nerve cells, and helping better understand the function of cells in vivo. ________________________________ 3D in Publications Recent publications on 3D culture (please click to access the list on our web page https://nanohub.org/groups/3d3cfacility<https://secure-web.cisco.com/1yCOyZThfHAO_tiSMpk9DkbN260y82hjUDfx5U3sOqUgSch2TBkzOP31p0Gs1lY9hYfzC5Pu_i9VFexdR_2FfgRThX97Gq_Si6_0jFU0FGGa4cSU7zTunaDHvx88PHdGoZGZ0J9y2cd1aizbp5Im4nPqKiAK1vKKdt9t7gyLz0JRFIi0ffPqdyI7aRve95EKw3kDokHqHObeVLandpteyWmxxFngP6gOR0CMOjzmnIaqzlpP5X-ESbfMquTTJbmJfAwgIk9J6HbPI5rYHXkVAk1DRHgbaO-07SD4wE8Yan0sCq-wd5CeKTihVBByYFasLDbt42a-sbnU7pkf8Y8BX9zntlanOJi3YJ4uB5D_Qm9k/https%3A%2F%2Fnanohub.org%2Fgroups%2F3d3cfacility>): Review<https://secure-web.cisco.com/1tIj110tsyN1-DvsFTsfmz6sI6RN7DcTD--t2476ebuijxhXbBgqYV2c7owphiszHh58zZ7Q9a4YmCdcs14YPL6QqnDsJRJNLTyxDLgE6FdHq1_UjDRywdhXT4YUFgJXIWTMog2NPFm9W9HnHgP4bgMR7jDnMqgzYjASHRsQYBPv4Z4QJCJ1g9R_5GT2oFvkkjVWTXLZ-a0pTsNwYBFdRdZCBNFB7nmwCtEicgyXu22H_1dOHSBJCEpmqZGQINMQz4gLBhCjjxQUc3QmBfu_mbReBi3M0h59baVyUCDqfFvn-pa7HMoPFa0TN4Q3RknrJmvmgUcEe45287PJWZcGoDwKwzzTCBRDGEzVQ3pQPFBg/https%3A%2F%2Fnanohub.org%2Fgroups%2F3d3cfacility%2Fnews%23reviews> The research articles and reviews are arranged in the following categories: Scaffold free/Scaffold Organ/Tissue/Cell Others 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Prostate<https://secure-web.cisco.com/1cT8UJAGWWHYUzL9rAto4sAxnTReyRiepvNJDssSY5WsxCqCI7MTEZOcEtYFE1iuoEaS6ChBWyOCXkhoJCLAUZUmYjKCJewtF7XQY0WduDzbTnyGU0DatRRiNgpMg4Bj_OYxYvfXtWlnx5RcyvE0QT-obtB6d7waxsaG9rIx1I7jGuGwMTrLV6YZig6JNoAopotrGPm2Vq-VHPRNJJlm-wMjmXzOpxoZFTMvYXSHPjEvX_DbQlurY20OsVWUUq49lZByChn6mUm4HFTXI_LNb8TKvhoX2XY4kCt_VPEFAB9xGttdoNd2vhIPdjhFexYhoq8eQte03eGu1GI1KDERYxDir5L8oTW9JigUib6l9RtY/https%3A%2F%2Fnanohub.org%2Fgroups%2F3d3cfacility%2Fnews%23prostate> Endothelial cells<https://secure-web.cisco.com/1hJJgL1Dz6EXTPWMcjfr6DeZ5AyCkM2lYhJkNwwn4yfOQVGQQpdnNMaVw0PMbKmxTAk84HIwArwlYzKkiLMgbfWAtbH4Y2fDHgoW9ZwfahlW4Syh4K4pZwMzm4UuVY46Zz9UZImonim9gGdS4q0iW_RzQqRAfTzgzOFrM8YAlRA_wujJttPuQ3ypUjmcfxdhMNvs9D2M4wClOIEhLlzF4iP0P6z5WHO86d3h_6gYICZFzzNLWkWLR6fh5S3xg3_2CpErM4uroxPCFtvvBbrHHaDB5NjgvkJc_yuajpu9NT-qOkdUYOOyGhlqLe1n47BOzY9do0eLYzkm-26m1tMBZfBDahkfRSojyCVeA5fVre0g/https%3A%2F%2Fnanohub.org%2Fgroups%2F3d3cfacility%2Fnews%23endothelialcells> Fibroblast<https://secure-web.cisco.com/1rgjj-5zJfSHy_1PiNwFTKkTqkXnXTua__rxSL_lQrmWqzh8QOq_1dZDIg1j7mjZ1wpy62dkF6Neg2Jvb0Cz8kIc2D_GyYon7QXWJ595q0_PGEjoNecIdr3Rc1zTmp14VDOczPaE13eqaXj-NlYWdJh2wUrUMAtWVV4bi5u15OnpCNN3-GBOzcf8qQyLLOaryrzKuagTCii_8yrZ2Uz3flJ90HTDql_Zx4Cvbf_1wPbj69Fny_RYgF5BigF5JsKefrvaBVHp2IBctJk5bC1QP4bdXalJOqvPCTNeUcc59C8lFlSgY8bYVPQI0LVumaPAsF4p0EorfMwKUlNaLmBvxbUR-9Meq_VBMrJ1nrHQJngU/https%3A%2F%2Fnanohub.org%2Fgroups%2F3d3cfacility%2Fnews%23fibroblast> Stem Cells<https://secure-web.cisco.com/1oleKV51AoBhBeWwLYhLKP-lYMMADSKU5ljMhxuB9AWNn7FkVZrq37ctN6cnwidZWXVGSqzrNKyIQyVZPNfaMiiSkYfCspAPBoJraN8sVgLQvHSuEbnfpGlu0hxsKmyzObl6I9mFoGbHQISV24kWc4ztUQqqQ9Hg6Nflt4B5amNey3J-g3fZxgoiLwpi77jRviUlt8t6sJIVSa90iogt2O1nhAWAu_bgwuPtr7TP2TYT9WO0lzRl9aEISebS0H_Wc-mck6ZrrPQcbwALEZUx7IxDhqpqO5Hb5HgA2IY7VVYLzgVm_-fswee39Vm2h1On26rZRxEBShGQ1bat0vWCvN0Cy-sNgtDmm6yOVA_2FyWg/https%3A%2F%2Fnanohub.org%2Fgroups%2F3d3cfacility%2Fnews%23stemcells> Stromal Cells<https://secure-web.cisco.com/1Pfo4oZqRoIKMUz560cz2n7gNV3O_ExS_WOHKHhPHoU6K_BIY74EXYC1aEF1wZjljx5FFzsp7cKyAFPRGTy5U64CIlfSsE47S0TkM5MwQLTKrEvLWYCQDdJbn1qATdK7O4MBVTfmr0-Vg7nGrBuL5ZYW9ATRJLkAh0FItBwIlveokgvxgRjEqpDfvPNjsWUxkEXkLv7GKoU1kWJETBRANVcpSa8l65JCNvA89MN_JNtUIaIeeD4fMGQMHb28Hd8KT1U16kMog7wM51l_ua7sTNAf0PB99EzZlypxWBjcH79MyyOGZnW6YnSD-Gt04Yd6F1CQqT-9JjjMf8a1upcJX_Te-ZEJZjT5eUjtoCkf9jMs/https%3A%2F%2Fnanohub.org%2Fgroups%2F3d3cfacility%2Fnews%23stromalcells> Cancer/Tumor<https://secure-web.cisco.com/14RSrCnfmJ8uAFYFYuVBgVYDRr07nfb9gDYYbGkikcmW-bXpZ1GwKrNkgyVOj0mNPPy-KpoO91HqJEHb1-bFOhsMdXdYu_Dok3tORNFD2vhzRAIncUnXCCpuWhb1P3rG1B9_Au8eAXwqmr9ZB5x5tDwNJRsiWNz5iEikUZKUdLevRkF0bmGToXlN5Cc3bawGEP0VOLw0-rI4-su1qKt6Z8vgRYQUFf2HrxO1PospT2r3txRuT4WxpXx8lRmO75DakDkWz4ixmjbmqNwRk9aogqJ3CEZWc6Hb30Z8eg4U--KWOvDnNgv6ZHP2HDbQ0zASTW9BjeRwH2Zky6mUSMFWkuybQZzTkbcvNzCaAhdMZjVw/https%3A%2F%2Fnanohub.org%2Fgroups%2F3d3cfacility%2Fnews%23cancer> Screening<https://secure-web.cisco.com/1-C0mJxDrLTaSZBZS7XiX15SYqNKiQiKqqAuMbx84qMjMv9FB2w_sCd1HyUuzUluom8LEhWWCGisdUMh4SlqxfYv27Jsy-2tZFun0mKeZs38AEhunkQYbERq0UGVmTHCAE-IAii66gbxmIbMenaQdBAR91zFYibH9fEfvq-JALyj0sqiB-rrrl4JbiBpTZ0g-oTEHlvU7-fxyY4KiqVvQE-3B-EFtgN9tRGDKaxzXsP88BCGESbyzWwCdRUVYTihc9O3kUek6rqDVTu5SzhgeXq4X80KI_xb-A2OdDga2w9bwKJoj45c_TQxNxQO9k0wFt-3S4MbBKeAGWETk2H84TmXpwBNWZfyH3s2x-XdDijs/https%3A%2F%2Fnanohub.org%2Fgroups%2F3d3cfacility%2Fnews%23screening> 3D bioprinting<https://secure-web.cisco.com/103PgNhnytLQBqur8hwUPOY6WtCqkecSgJDDX2e4ySczD4YTC3-Kgh6w06ngr_1N_W-HmcEezSe9QxI9x3W6NVyEiF4s580mOxbzblzkxWPOuDIIXFIVs0hpFFcP3t1qXkVfePSYFcZ7rhnY-mJhsg3MhJ8x5KsGhc7qufN1pu-K8lyvA-rut3WsKovW2x_E2iFHGEAyIwnvjym9PxpEuI1gXV8FCa4_K35hQkvgIk42lruAhjRjB5d_w6QE1IMyLlQ7D0e9Q0IkFj05XHr4Z5vFZpF4ExvKLD-I950HpNyAhmv8bibC272GbmrzjPOaf6pwFO4X-WbbY58txddfL0lY3yxFm7zhTaKLeekw_5Kg/https%3A%2F%2Fnanohub.org%2Fgroups%2F3d3cfacility%2Fnews%233dbioprinting> Imaging<https://secure-web.cisco.com/1c_60-wLsHF13TctcrnpfFClmZGAx5Ny7U1pWidP3gTkwTKhUpRKhRq2JO2TcONrNwe3yCF_OG_MjV1JKlKK62BPe0xOZ3134_M4VgzfShl7nStIHTVP9fApAHSxJREQwLB1gxkywNMVsKLmOtE5WIuNGT6rUVTivJ9VbiiiipWFHFdXF14sCPGSVKCSmt3DSjRcEkCvb5HVSn3YCNQnv9hJ2G-tuGmRTlrMOAGtR97Ez_Y6tPnGb9EaBqROSLJqwqsK74Gs-p36iCiVcRhSjf5tMqm486YuUZgo7wh2yxvaVXSMPvP2cltmZQZVy7Gc_3v1lAPCLWy9BIy55v3p4xk7vmNpO3jhvU2PPTFAFx08/https%3A%2F%2Fnanohub.org%2Fgroups%2F3d3cfacility%2Fnews%23imaging> ________________________________ 3D in Meetings 3D Cell Culture Date: 21st to 22nd February 2018 Location: London, United Kingdom Website: https://www.smi-online.co.uk/pharmaceuticals/uk/3D-Cell-Culture<https://secure-web.cisco.com/1M2icpi2qZ-BwFNzBbJY4bPdtgWWT-tIKoZCCJrr9F6rD-QHkmCU98D_5UsQdvBHzHv_A0NBmhgg5E8nyAlCt4_rYZt0AXhaOG0TzukDrx2wiBmTRamFCVu2ymi1GnokNSho7EdOgcaLcLbnULQrvmXSSHsEXtacEdZtaeVL2LbTsYrZVo5_q7eeLccVs9_hx9QOglCD-dxSZ_TxEo09Ei9MTVIops_S064FBxSif0csvGljkUtSD8xi7Sm_btBC9o1AlbsVm8yQlsvqX5wFU2_Be12o_FDewD66LiItzNX7eY8TPkLITaT4XMP2EYD8LfsTgWaHhL4LtMJcnCuF-cxGVuoo9RWsqY1--aDQTvOE/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smi-online.co.uk%2Fpharmaceuticals%2Fuk%2F3D-Cell-Culture> Contact person: Customer Services Organized by: SMi group Collaborative 3D Printing in Medical Practice Date: 23rd to 25th February 2018 Location: Scottsdale, USA Website: http://go.evvnt.com/153859-0<http://secure-web.cisco.com/1CjTLYIPRM8kNWN5MzvONlVIN5mUpiRPVaMc8EY14DfXPf4dzCWQbpsfyaPuwseXpRYXs_Kyimfq2ZyaQNR2_SA7Ke8RkASh-vu85oaHkKt4jlGGTcATqh3AF4aif-xz4B1c3pO5Kj1tSEWgV-3AAr598tfHIrXgQbnnqe3rDLShFnI-Dv6ZabIWMLWId590aPJLSeXjxRVKe5uieibB8RMJBE89wnHsgBN_ZXthB8zCRtRZPDEuPjne-UybQkDzGkd2UAD3B7Obt40QydSlZyBtGjPDWtUUaEuezZLZRwnOtDSD40XGaQzzdIXjc8rdbMW9KybVushHyTFJKwBv8pqqqGI9dEDx8zs7Q0rrxFgsEGjrlbgBpkWZFQQuIXJPW/http%3A%2F%2Fgo.evvnt.com%2F153859-0> Contact person: Department of Radiology CME Office Organized by: Mayo Clinic Collaborative 3D Printing in Medical Practice is designed to update and introduce radiologists, surgeons, dentists, and biomedical engineers on uses of 3D printing of anatomic models. Keystone Symposia: Organs- and Tissues-on-Chips Date: 8th to 12th April 2018 Location: Big Sky, Montana, USA Website: http://www.keystonesymposia.org/18D1 Contact person:info@keystonesymposia.org Organized by: Keystone Symposia 3rd International Conference on Nanomedicine, Drug Delivery, and Tissue Engineering (NDDTE'18) Date: 10th to 12th April 2018 Location: New Delhi, India Website: http://nddte.com/ Contact person: Conference Administrator Organized by: International ASET 3rd International Conference on 3D Printing in Medicine Date: 4th to 5th May 2018 Location: Halle, Germany Website: http://3dprint-congress.com/ Contact person:congress@bb-mc.com Organized by: boeld communication GmbH 2nd World Congress and Expo on Nanotechnology and Materials Science Date: 25th to 27th June 2018 Location: Dubai, United Arab Emirates Website: https://biocoreconferences.com/nanotechnology2018/index.php Contact person: Hany Organized by: Biocore 4th International Conference on Bio-based Polymers and Composites Date: 2nd to 6th September 2018 Location: Balatonfüred, Hungary Website: http://www.bipoco2018.hu Contact person: Dóra Tátraaljai Bio-based polymers and their blends, composites. Natural polymers and their modification. Natural fiber reinforced composites. Other raw materials based on natural resources. Biodegradation and environmental issues EMBO|EMBL Symposium: Organoids: Modelling Organ Development and Disease in 3D Culture Date: 10th to 13th September 2018 Location: Heidelberg, Germany Website: http://www.embo-embl-symposia.org/symposia/2018/EES18-08/index.html Contact person: events@embl.de<mailto:events@embl.de> Organized by: EMBL